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What a cochlear implant?
A cochlear implant is a small complex electronic device that can help give an idea of the sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing. The implant consists of an outer portion that is behind the ear and a second part that is surgically placed under the skin (See figure).
- A microphone picks up sound from the environment.
- A speech processor, which selects and organizes sounds picked up by the microphone.
- A transmitter and receiver / stimulator, which receive signals from the speech processor and convert them into electricity pulse.
- An electrode array, which is a group of electrodes that collects the impulses from the stimulator and sends them to different regions of the auditory nerve.
An implant does not restore normal hearing. Instead, it can give a deaf person a useful representation of sounds in the environment and help him to understand speech.
Who receives a cochlear implant?
Children and adults who are deaf or severely hard of hearing can be fitted for cochlear implants. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at the end of 2006, over 112,000 persons worldwide have received implants. In the United States, about 23,000 adults and 15,500 children have benefited.
Adults who have lost all or most of their hearing later in life can often benefit from a cochlear implant. They learn to associate the signal provided by an implant with sounds they remember. This often allows beneficiaries with the ability to understand speech by listening through the implant, without requiring visual cues such as those provided by lipreading or sign language.
How does a cochlear implant?
A cochlear implant is very different from a hearing aid. Hearing aids amplify sounds so they can be detected by damaged ears. Implants Cochlear bypass damaged parts of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve. Signals generated by the implant are sent through auditory nerve to the brain, which recognizes the signals as sounds. Hearing through a cochlear implant is different from normal hearing and takes time to learn or relearning. However, it allows many people to recognize warning signals, understand other sounds in the environment, and enjoy a conversation in person or by telephone.
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